Author: Radomskyi Maksym VasyliovychHaving set a goal to equip his car with a system of protection against noise and vibration, the owner of "four wheels" will certainly face the problem of choosing a method and materials to ensure the maximum efficiency of acoustic tuning. In retail outlets, a great variety of products are presented by world-famous brands and companies "Safety & Silence", Noisbusters (Sweden), Dynamat (USA), V-Blok (USA), Turkish manufacturers popular in their segment, let alone Chinese goods have to. To provide some clarity on this issue, consider the main categories of products used to neutralize unpleasant and harmful sound vibrations, which are well known to any motorist.
Noise isolation in modern realities
Spending a significant amount of time driving a vehicle or as a passenger, the constant exposure to noise is annoying, tiring and creates a negative background for any trip. Leading car manufacturers, research centers and environmental authorities are fighting this problem. However, the inevitable contradiction arising from the technical and economic feasibility and the need to reduce the acoustic pollution of the space, significantly limits the possibility of cardinal changes in this field. That is why there is a need to use additional means of protection.
Reducing the noise level inside and outside the car is associated with the elimination or isolation of its source in a confined space, as well as a decrease in vibration phenomena and sounds from the interaction of mating parts and parts of the car. Thus, the effective fight against external noise factors is due to a set of measures that increase the degree of acoustic safety. Based on the brand of the vehicle, its individual "weak points" and the mode of operation, three basic configurations of protective devices are used:
- for hood and trunk lids;
- for the salon part, roof and trunk;
- for the dividing panel between the engine compartment and the passenger compartment, as well as the dashboard and plastic trim.
In the event of individual foci of unpleasant sounds and additional noise, it is recommended to take point measures aimed at a specific engineering task. There is no need for large-scale and costly work.
The main types of protective materials
Among the most famous and widely used means of protection against negative, nine main ones can be distinguished. Depending on their main functional purpose, they can be classified as follows:
P / p No. | Group of protective materials for the main purpose | Material name |
one | Noise insulating | Splen, Bitoplast |
2 | Sound absorbing | Izoton, Bitoplast, Proline |
3 | Vibration absorbing | Visomat, Vibroplast |
4 | Sealing (gasket) | Proline, Bitoplast, Splen, Resolin |
five | Decorative | Decolin, Vicks |
All these materials in various combinations and combinations are successfully used to solve local and general problems in the field of creating favorable conditions inside the car and limiting noise pollution of the environment. To one degree or another, they can combine various types of action and influence on physical processes, including heat transfer.
Selected aspects of the noise insulation device
In our modern world, noise insulation is not the newest technology, and you can buy and install it in almost any car dealership or specialized retail outlets. Some types of cars are already equipped with such a system from the factory, but very often it is not made of high quality. Therefore, car owners have to mount it again on their own or by contacting salons and services. The main condition for the effective use of protective equipment is the installation of high-quality materials in combination with a competent choice of places and schemes for treating car surfaces. Otherwise, you can get a minimal result, but there are many additional problems: weight gain, deterioration of aerodynamics and engine cooling, an increase in the intensity of corrosion processes.
In different octave bands (frequency ranges), the ability and degree of absorption of sounds can differ significantly. In this matter, the type of front cover is of great importance, designed to equalize the noise-absorbing properties of the material at different frequencies. In this regard, two variants of the face layer can be distinguished as an example:
- for high frequencies (1800 - 3000 Hz) - metallized lavsan film;
- for low frequencies (600 - 1500 Hz) - perforated PVC film.
The efficiency of reducing the level of structure-borne noise practically ceases to increase after a certain value of the mass of the insulating material. Accordingly, it cannot be said that the thicker and heavier the material, the better it reduces structure-borne noise. Higher values of the CMF are achieved when using construction materials that have a slight increase in mass. In addition, an "extra" increase in mass leads to an increase in resonances in the lower frequency range and, as a result, to a decrease in the efficiency of noise control.
